The first section starts with a brief explanation on the emergence of Liberal Islam in a global context. The second section elaborates on the first wave of liberal Islam, in an Indonesian context, that emerged during the 1970s and until the fall of President Suharto in 1998. The third section provides an explanation about the second wave of liberal Islamic groups and their various discourses, activists and activism. For several reasons, this part focuses only on particular groups that represent liberal-progressive Islam in Indonesia. Finally, closing remarks are an overall explanation of liberal-progressive Islam and its future in Indonesia.

The Author

Suratno is a lecturer at the Department of Philosophy and Religion, Paramadina University, Jakarta, Indonesia. He is currently a PhD Candidate in Political Anthropology and Religion at Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Summary

Backgrounds

• Liberal Islam in Indonesia: First Wave
• Liberal Islam in Indonesia: Second Wave

1. – Freedom

2. – Pluralism

3. – Gender Equality

4. – Democracy