The conclusion of ceasefire agreements after 1988 between the newly installed junta and numerous long standing armed groups organized along ethnic lines as well as the growth of diplomatic and economic relations with neighbouring countries contributed to the Myanmar State gaining administrative and military control over a larger portion of its territory, especially peripheral areas characterized by mountainous landscapes, and a low density of non Bamar populations where insurgents had been active for decades. These regions were not only well endowed with natural resources – especially precious woods, minerals and gems – they also were situated on or close to the country's borders with China, Thailand and India. Beyond the willingness to extend its outreach and assert its authority, the Myanmar State intended to use these peripheral regions to promote economic development in the country through the exploitation of resources and the opening of border trade in a context of a transition from a socialist to a market-oriented economy that started after 1988. Economic control over these areas was thus a strategic objective within the Myanmar State building project.

Simultaneously, the junta initiated country wide infrastructure development works with a strong focus on transportation (roads, bridges, etc.), sometimes with the support of neighbouring countries. Transportation of goods and people within Myanmar and with Thailand, China and India as well as access to remote areas all improved. Yet, the social consequences of infrastructure works were strongly negative for populations with land confiscation and forced labour being common while little or no attention was paid to environmental considerations.

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